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Introduction: Some of the COVID pneumonitis patients are happily hypoxic and not showing signs of severe respiratory distress despite being significantly hypoxic,1 leading to a delay to start a timely treatment and may worsen the prognosis.2 Studies have shown that non-invasive ventilation could be used in severe COVID pneumonitis and could avoid intubation in some of those patients.3 Effects of different modalities of ventilation on the oxygenation of COVID-19 patients and on the inflammatory process accompanying COVID-19 pneumonitis need thorough investigation in a trial to reach to an understanding of the pathophysiological process and may be a guide to formulate the optimum protocol to ventilate COVID-19 patients. Objective(s): Comparing the effects of invasive versus non-invasive ventilation on P/F ratio, CRP and respiratory rate of COVID-19 patients. Method(s): In this retrospective observational study, we compared the effect of NIV on the P/F ratio, CRP trends and Respiratory rates of COVID patients during their ITU admission in comparison with intubated ventilated patients. The study was carried out in a single center in England before introduction of the Tocilizumab in the guidelines of COVID treatment and included 74 COVID patients divided in to two groups, group A which included 15 patients who were non-invasively ventilated and avoided intubation during their ITU admission while group B included 59 patients who were intubated at certain point of their course of admission. Patients Respiratory rate, modality of ventilation, time of intubation (if any), modes of ventilation, FIO2, P/F ratio and CRP trends were followed during their admission. The collected data of 3 variable (CRP, RR and P/F ratio) has been blotted and a summative means were calculated. The least square means of the linear models of the ventilated and non-ventilated patients were used to compare both groups. Result(s): 36.4 % of intubations was done before or during the first 20 hours of the ITU admissions and 50% during the first 40 hours. The study also has shown the probabilities in the difference between slopes as following. Firstly, regarding P/F ratio the probability was 0.058 in favor of non-invasive ventilation. Secondly, RR probability was <0.0001 significantly in favor of non-invasive ventilation. Lastly, CRP probability was 0.024 significantly in favor of non-invasively ventilated patients. Conclusion(s): CRP and respiratory rate were significantly less in non-invasively ventilated COVID pneumonitis patients in comparison with ventilated patients while there was no significant difference in P/F ratio trends between both groups.
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The increasing sophisticated learning technology and COVID-19 have pushed the teaching-learning process to use pedagogy, andragogy, and cybergogy approaches. The current research aims to investigate the relationship between the practices of these three approaches and student self-regulated learning. The structural equation model used indicates that pedagogy practices may affect the andragogy practices in teaching-learning process. Pedagogy approach shows no direct effect but has an indirect effect on students' self-regulated learning. The indirect effect comes from the pedagogy-andragogy continuum and the impact of pedagogy instruction on cybergogy practices. Andragogy practices also gives a significant impact on students' self-regulated learning and how the students use learning technology in cybergogy approach. Andragogy and the continuum of cybergogy promote students' self-regulated learning. These results indicate that pedagogy-andragogy continuum can have an interplay with cybergogy. The interplay of these approaches may encourage students' self-regulated learning. The current research can be a baseline to construct a new approach in teaching-learning process and its instructions in the classroom. © 2023 The Author(s)
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INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has trickle down effects psychologically on multiple strata of society, particularly university students. Apart from the worry of contracting or spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down in campuses, suffering significant psychological distress. Hence, an online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological flexibility and mindfulness. METHODS: The study was a quasi-experimental study, with university students as participants. Intervention group participants were instructed to fill up online questionnaires which included basic demographics, as well as instruments assessing depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility and fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group completed pre- and postquestionnaires then subsequently crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess time*group effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 118 participants were involved in this study. There was significant difference in terms of anxiety (F(1, 116) = 34.361, p<.001, partial eta-squared = .229) and psychological flexibility between these two groups ( F(1, 116) = 11.010, p = .001, partial eta-squared = .087), while depression, stress, mindfulness and fear of COVID-19 showed no difference. Results of this study corroborates the efficacy of online single session mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention amidst financial and time constraint. As university students are in the age group of highest incidences of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many students as possible to ensure maximal benefit.
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Main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key CoV enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-2 the new strain of coronavirus. In this study, we evaluated biologically active compounds present in medicinal plants as potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study with Autodock Vina software. Top seven compounds Afzelin, Phloroglucinol, Myricetin-3-O- rutinosid Tricin 7-neohesperidoside, Silybin, Kaempferol and Silychristin among 50 molecules of natural Origin (Algerian Medicinal plants) were selected which had better and significantly low binding energy as compared to the reference molecule with binding affinities of -9.3, -9.3, -9, -8.9, -8.5, 8.3 and -8.3 kcal mol-1 respectively. Then, we analyzed the ADME properties of the best 7 ligands using the Web server SwissADME. Two of small molecules have been shown to be the ideal candidates for further drug development. Finally, the stability of the both compounds complexed with Mpro was validated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, they displayed stable trajectory (RMSD, RMSF) and molecular properties with consistent interaction profile in molecular dynamics simulations, moreover, Silybin could form more stable complex with Mpro than Silychristin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Since the first appearance of a novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by a novel human coronavirus, and especially after the infection started its rapid spread over the world causing the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemics, a very substantial part of the scientific community is engaged in the intensive research dedicated to finding of the potential therapeutics to cure this disease. As repurposing of existing drugs represents the only instant solution for those infected with the virus, we have been working on utilization of the structure-based virtual screening method to find some potential medications. In this study, we screened a library of 646 FDA approved drugs against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and the main protease of this virus. Scoring functions revealed that some of the anticancer drugs (such as Pazopanib, Irinotecan, and Imatinib), antipsychotic drug (Risperidone), and antiviral drug (Raltegravir) have a potential to interact with both targets with high efficiency. Further we performed molecular dynamics simulations to understand the evolution in protein upon interaction with drug. Also, we have performed a phylogenetic analysis of 43 different coronavirus strains infecting 12 different mammalian species.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in multiple physical and psychological stressors, which require quantification and establishment of association with other psychological process variables. The Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM) is a validated instrument with acceptable validity and reliability. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the CSM in a Malaysian population. University participants were recruited via convenience sampling using snowball methods. The reliability and validity of the Malay CSM (CSM-M) were rigorously evaluated, utilising both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis, in relation to sociodemographic variables and response to the depression, anxiety, and stress subscales of the Malay validation of the DASS-21, and also perceived stress (measured by the PSS) and psychological flexibility (AAQ-II). The sample comprised of 247 Malaysian participants. The McDonald's omega value for the Malay CSM was 0.935 indicating very good internal reliability. The CSM was significantly correlated with stress, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and psychological flexibility. The Malay CSM properties were examined also with Rasch analysis, with satisfactory outcomes. There was positive correlated error between items 1 and 3, as well as negative correlated error between items 1 and 4. Hence, item 1 was excluded, leaving with 4 items. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good data-model fit, and model fit statistics confirmed that Malay CSM showed a single-factor model. The Malay CSM hence demonstrates good validity and reliability, with both classical and modern psychometric methods demonstrating robust outcomes. It is therefore crucial in operational and research settings in establishing the true extent of stress levels as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00355-4.].
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Since the first prevalence of COVID-19 in 2019, it still remains the most devastating pandemic throughout the world. The current research aimed to find potential natural products to inhibit the novel coronavirus and associated infection by MD simulation and network pharmacology approach. Molecular docking was performed for 39 natural products having potent anti-SARS-CoV activity. Five natural products showed high binding interaction with the viral main protease for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, where 3ß,12-diacetoxyabieta-6,8,11,13 tetraene showed stable binding in MD simulation until 100 ns. Both 3ß,12-diacetoxyabieta-6,8,11,13 tetraene and tomentin A targeted 11 common genes that are related to COVID-19 and interact with each other. Gene ontology development analysis further showed that all these 11 genes are attached to various biological processes. The KEGG pathway analysis also showed that the proteins that are targeted by 3ß,12-diacetoxyabieta-6,8,11,13 tetraene and tomentin A are associated with multiple pathways related to COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the ADMET and MDS studies reveals 3ß,12-diacetoxyabieta-6,8,11,13 as the best-suited compound for oral drug delivery.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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The newly developed Persian Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fear of COVID-19. A translation and validation of the FCV-19S in the Malay language was expedited due to the severe psychological sequelae of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Formal WHO forward and backward translation sequences were employed in translating the English version into Malay. Malaysian university participants were recruited via convenience sampling online using snowball methods. The reliability and validity properties of the Malay FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilising both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables and response to the depression, anxiety and stress subscales of the Malay validation of the DASS-21. The sample comprised 228 Malaysian participants. The Cronbach α value for the Malay FCV-19S was 0.893 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S-M was significantly correlated with anxiety (r = 0.481, p < 0.001) and stress (r = 0.389, p < 0.001) subscales of DASS-21. The FCV-19S-M's properties tested using Rasch analysis were also satisfactory. Hence, the Malay FCV-19S is valid and reliable, with robust psychometric properties from classical and modern psychometric methods. It therefore is a highly crucial and timely addition to the psychological toolkit both in operational and research settings in identifying, managing and responding to the psychological distress engendered by COVID-19.
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Malaria is still a public health problem worldwide, which is increasingly difficult to handle due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia is a country targeted by WHO to become a Malaria-free country by 2030. Mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) on Buru Island, as a Malaria-vulnerable group, pose a particular challenge in efforts to accelerate and maintain elimination. The use of eucalyptus oil as a positive deviation (PD) in this group is an innovative strategy in Malaria control programs in this population. Method(s): This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design to see the relationship between PD and Malaria in MMPs. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed to determine the most associated PD with Malaria in the MMPs group. Primary data was collected through interviews with a structured questionnaire and observation of 72 people from the MMPs group who met the criteria. Results and Discussion: From 19 PD identified, only seven related to Malaria in MMPs (p-value <alpha 0.05) in preventing Malaria: cleaning the environment (p=0.032), burning garbage (p=0.005), burning dry leaves (p=0.013), using the eucalyptus oil (0.001), consuming herbal medicine (p=0.013), "Baupu"/" Baukuf" (p=0.028) and utilizing hot steam from a "Kettle" (p=0.043). The logistic regression analysis showed that eucalyptus oil was the variable most related to Malaria prevention in MMPs (p=0.027;95% CI for EXP(B): 1.227 - 30.799). Conclusions and suggestions: Identification of PD and applying them in everyday life is essential in preventing Malaria in MMPs. Utilizing the potential of eucalyptus oil as a natural way to prevent Malaria in the era of elimination is an innovative and promising specific local-based approach, considering that Buru Island is a eucalyptus granary area in Maluku, Indonesia. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, people with HIV-AIDS are a population that more likely to be immunosuppressed prequire more attention. People living with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) are advised to take the same precautions as the general public, including frequent hand washing, coughing etiquette, physical distancing, mask use, and medical attention in the event of symptoms. This study seeks to identify the factors associated with the prevention of COVID-19 transmission among HIV-positive patients at the Jumpandang Baru Public Health Center in Makassar. The research method used was analytic observational with a cross-sectional research design. The total number of participants in this study was 659 HIV-AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. 188 individuals were cosen as the research sample in the working area of the Jumpandang Baru Public Health Center in Makassar City. Simple random sampling was used for the sampling process. The data were analyzed using SPSS, the Chi-square test, and logistic regression. The results showed that the variables associated with COVID-19 prevention measures in PLWHA, were knowledge (p=0.001), attitude (p=0.003), vaccination (p=0.022), and ARV treatment (p=0.038). However, the family social support variable (p=0.038 = 0.162) had no significant relationship. The most related factor is knowledge Exp (B) = 5.613. Those with HIV-AIDS who have positive knowledge are 5.613 times more likely to take precautions against COVID-19 than those with HIV-AIDS who have negative knowledge. The conclusion is that health workers can participate and collaborate in increasing knowledge in the application of health protocols so that people with HIV-AIDS can be protected from COVID-19. © 2022 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.
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Currently, physics education is a science that is still considered by many students and the public. Thus, there is a need for information on the current trends in physics education to adapt to the current situation. Based on the Scopus, the research objective is to explore the ongoing trends in the last ten years and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a bibliometric and bibliometric analysis. The findings show that research related to physics education is dominated by the most developed during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 – 2021) countries Indonesia. Meanwhile, the Journal of Physics Conference Series is the journal that publishes the most publications (Scopus) related to physics education, followed by the AIP Conference Proceeding. Research implication to research, librarian, and policy maker (1) Research and development need to be carried out in-depth related to the growing trend of physics education so that it can be published in Scopus. (2) Cooperation and collaboration between other universities to increase publications at the international level. (3) The need for continuous research to follow current trends. © 2022 The Author(s)
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Aim: We aim to compare the clinical outcomes of patients operated at standard [SIAP] intraabdominal pressure with low pressure pneumoperitoneum [LPP] using the Airseal system. Method(s): We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing ELCS into two groups: SIAP (>15mmHg) and LPP(<8mmHg). The groups were matched for age, BMI, operation types, and Trendelenburg positioning (degree of head down). The following parameters were analysed;core temperature, lung compliance (LC), peak-inspiratory pressure (PIP), ASA grade, operating-time, co-morbidities, post-operative time to drinking and eating, time to bowel opening, time to mobility, post-operative pain, length of stay, post-operative complications, histopathological features and COVID19 status. Result(s): 73 patients (29 females) were recruited with 44 in SIAP and 29 in LPP group. The median age was 69years and median BMI 27. Operations performed included right-sided colectomy [28], left-sided colectomy [5,], anterior resection [22], abdominoperineal resection [6], subtotal colectomy/ pan-proctocolectomy [6] and Crohn's small bowel resection [6]. There was significant difference between the SIAP and LPP group for LC and PPI. On multivariate logistic regression model for day 0 based on time to drinking, mobility and pain when adjusted for intraabdominal pressure, age, gender, BMI and Trendelenburg positioning, there was no significant difference observed in both groups. However, patients were drinking earlier on Day 0 in the LPP compared to SIAP group. Furthermore, there was no difference between patients in LPP and SIAP on multivariate analysis for other clinical parameters. Conclusion(s): We have demonstrated the feasibility of performing major ELCRS at low pneumoperitoneum pressure and low pneumoperitoneum pressure patients drank earlier at day 0, although this difference was not statistically significant. We believe that properly conducted, randomised and powered studies will be able to show the benefit of LPP in improving ERAS outcomes.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to make many work adjustments in our daily life like work from home, school from home, shop form home and many remote activities. Work from home activity present both new security opportunities and loopholes. Virtual Private Network (VPN) is one solution for such remote activities. However, VPN products may be confusing for users due to their complexity and user unfriendliness. Fortunately, there existed Wireguard, which is kernel structure of VPN module, that balances in security and ease to use. Embedded system using Raspberry pi armed with VPN Wireguard and equipped with Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Suricata being one of the solutions to overcome it. In this study, we tried hardening a Work from home network using Wireguard and Suricata. Combination of ease to use in compact hardware and hardening with Interruption Detection System (IDS) give capability result for operation with 18,7% CPU and 22,7% memory usage and protection with captured 100% event port scanning and exploit. © 2021 IEEE.
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The COVID-19 crisis has had repercussions on global mental wellbeing. This study aimed: (1) to identify the mediating role of psychological process variables, namely psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies in Indonesian undergraduate students subjected to national quarantine orders throughout July, 2020 and (2) to compare the level of anxiety, depression, and anxiety between Indonesian and Malaysian undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was performed with 869 Indonesian undergraduate students from Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya (UNUSA) and 515 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The BIPM, MAAS, AAQ-I, DASS-21, and Brief COPE were used to assess the research variables. The proportion who scored "moderate" and above for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20.2%, 25.0%, and 14.2%, respectively, in Malaysian samples and 22.2%, 35.0%, and 23.48% in Indonesian samples. In Study 1, psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility significantly mediated the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies. In Study 2, Indonesians demonstrated significantly higher anxiety and stress compared to Malaysian samples. Despite the contrasting COVID-19 situations in Malaysia and Indonesia, psychopathologies were more affected in Indonesia. Hence, our study suggests how crucial it is for mental health providers to consider promoting psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological flexibility to alleviate the corresponding psychopathologies among undergraduate students.
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BACKGROUND: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-ß,IL-17A, IL-4, IgG,IL-4, ß-defensin, and s-IgA. RESULTS: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and ß-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. CONCLUSION: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and ß-defensin in lung tissue)and CPE assay.
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This study aims to determine tax revenue from the e-commerce sector during this pandemic. Sources of data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from informants who were taxpayers and tax authorities while secondary data were obtained from relevant written media namely journals and internet sites. The analysis method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the use of e-commerce during this pandemic was very high compared to previous years but tax revenue itself actually decreased during this pandemic due to the economic downturn that hit various business sectors which had an impact on decreasing tax revenue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerimaan pajak dari bidang e-commerce selama masa pandemi ini. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder data primer diperoleh dari informan yang merupakan wajib pajak dan fiskus sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari media tertulis yang relevan, yakni jurnal dan situs internet. Adapun metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan e-commerce di masa pandemi ini sangat tinggi dibandingkan dari tahun-tahun sebelumnya, namun penerimaan pajak sendiri justru mengalami penurunan selama pandemi ini dikarenakan kelesuan ekonomi yang melanda berbagai sektor bisnis yang berimbas pada penurunan penerimaan pajak
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a new type of Coronavirus namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Children with tumors or autoimmune diseases are more susceptible because of suppression of their immune system chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery on tumors. Case presentation: We present the clinical features 3 Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were infected with COVID-19 from July to August 2020 in our hospital. These were the first four cases identified as COVID-19 positive in Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Case 1, 2, and 4 were diagnosed as moderate and common types of COVID-19 while case 3 was classified as severe type. They may be transmitted COVID-19 infection during hospitalization. All cases were recovered from COVID-19 after a combination therapy against virus bacteria and also respiratory support. Conclusion: Our case series of four pediatric cancer patients showed a good outcome after prompt treatment suggesting that malignancy in children may not be a contributor factor for COVID-19 recovery. Keywords: COVID-19;acute lymphoblastic leukemia;non-hodgkin lymphoma;children. COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Anak yang menderita kanker atau penyakit autoimun lebih rentan tertular karena penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh dampak kemoterapi radioterapi atau operasi tumor. Penyajian kasus: Kami melaporkan 3 pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut dan 1 pasien limfoma non-Hodgkin yang terinfeksi COVID-19 sejak Juli-Agustus 2020. Kasus tersebut adalah 4 kasus pertama yang teridentifikasi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. Kasus 12 dan 4 terdiagnosis positif COVID-19 derajat sedang sedangkan kasus 3 tergolong berat. Mereka kemungkinan terinfeksi COVID-19 saat perawatan. Semua kasus dinyatakan sembuh dari COVID-19 setelah pemberian obat anti virus antibiotik dan alat bantu pernapasan. Kesimpulan: Serial kasus dari 4 pasien kanker anak dengan outcome yang baik setelah pengobatan yang cepat mengindikasikan bahwa penyakit keganasan pada anak kemungkinan bukan faktor yang berkontribusi dalam kesembuhan COVID-19. Kata kunci: COVID-19;leukemia limfoblastik akut;limfoma non-hodgkin;anak
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This article aims to analyze and provide ideas about the absorption of moderation values to those who are competent. Fatwa is flexible. Fatwas must have moderate dimensions. This article uses a philosophical approach by analyzing literature both in the form of classic literature books journals and other sources. This article provides the idea that absorption of Fatwas is moderated by balancing all aspects. It is neither hard nor loose. Such a style of Fatwa can be seen from the results of the decided Fatwa that remains in the corridor of the Sharia, weighs greater consideration, matches the reality of the needs of Muslims and provides equal convenience. Fatwa must become a barometer controlling changes in social reality for Muslims. Every emerging legal issue is responded to quickly and accurately. However what needs to be considered is the method used in exploring the laws related to contemporary problems according to the Fatwa procedure and all its consequences. The implications of the study indicate that the absorption of moderate Fatwa are things that should get attention both among laity and competent mufti. Mufti is demanded to produce Fatwa that can be accepted by Muslims but does not neglect religious texts originating from Allah. and the Messenger of Allah. Mufti must adopt policies regarding the problems faced by Muslims today. The moderate Fatwa aims to prevent Muslims from carrying out legal arbitrarily and in accordance with their own passions
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Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) mendeklarasikan penyebaran dari Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Faktor risiko terhadap mortalitas pasien COVID-19 rawat intensive care unit (ICU) belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan penanda infeksi penanda oksigenasi dan faktor risiko lainnya terhadap mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dilakukan di ICU Infection Centre RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar pada April Agustus 2020. Sampel penelitian adalah data pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia yang dirawat di ICU. Pasien dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok survivor grup (SG) dan non-survivor (NSG). Variabel penelitian berupa penanda infeksi penanda oksigenasi dan faktor risiko yang didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan terhadap semua variabel penelitian. Hasil: Dari 92 pasien didapatkan 46 NSG dan 46 SG. Perbandingan jenis kelamin dan indeks massa tubuh antara kedua kelompok tidak signifikan bermakna secara statistik. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan signifikan secara statistik pada level c-reactive protein (CRP) antara kelompok NSG dengan median 911 (IQR 323-20045) dan SG 8895 (IQR 3350-17780) p= 0899. Faktor risiko usia tua diabetes melitus (DM) dan peningkatan rasio neutrofil-limfosit (RNL) berdasarkan klasifikasi cut-off signifikan secara statistik pada mortalitas antar kedua kelompok. Pada NSG didapatkan median usia 605 (IQR 53-6725) vs SG 56 (IQR 35-6125) p= 0.02. Komorbid DM SG 8 dari 46 pasien (17.4%) dan NSG 17 dari 46 pasien (37%) p = 0.035. Pemeriksaan kadar RNL berdasarkan klasifikasi cut-off > 34 NSG 42 dari 46 pasien (91,3%) dan NS 11 dari 46 (23,9%) p= 0048. Analisis multivariat regresi logistik didapatkan rasio P/F merupakan faktor risiko independen. Mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia (OR 0.99 95% CI 0.988-1.00 p = 0.043). Kesimpulan: Umur di atas 60 tahun DM RNL dan indeks oksigenasi bermakna secara signifikan terhadap kejadian mortalitas pasien COVID-19 dengan pneumonia dimana pada indeks oksigenasi yang rendah didapatkan kejadian mortalitas yang tinggi.